Foundations · Research
Move from question to defensible interpretation
Connect design, measurement, sampling and analysis in order.
Translate questions into variables
Define independent, dependent and controlled variables operationally.
Compare causal strength
Separate experimental, quasi-experimental and non-experimental designs.
200 items · 200 min3 subjects · 8 domains40% each · 60% total
Distinguish measurement and sampling error
Connect reliability, validity and sampling limits to interpretation.
Choose analysis from the question
Identify description, relationship, difference or prediction first.